The State of Rajasthan consisted of 22 big and small princely States of Rajputana. Though these States were declared to have been joined the Union of India on 15 August 1947, the process of merger and their unification became complete only in April 1949, in five phases.

The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly is unicameral. The First Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, which came into existence in March 1952, had a strength of 160 members which was raised to 190 after the merger of the former Ajmer State with Rajasthan. The Second and Third Assemblies had a strength of 176 and the Fourth and Fifth had 184 members each. The membership was raised to 200 from the Sixth Assembly onwards.

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. Recently, the elections were held in the State and the Twelfth Legislative Assembly was constituted on 5 December, 2003.

There are at present 18 Standing Committees and 4 Financial Committees, viz. Public Accounts Committee, Public Undertakings Committee, Estimates Committee 'A', and Estimates Committee 'B' functioning in the Assembly.